LED vs. Laser: What's the Difference?

LED 和激光之间的根本区别源于它们的工作原理。 LED 通过 PN 结上的载流子重组而产生光，而激光器则在光子撞击原子时产生光，迫使它们释放匹配的光子。激光器基于受激发射原理工作，而 LED 则基于电致发光原理工作。

In the case of a LASER, each photon emitted triggers another atom to release a similar photon, resulting in a coherent beam of light. Conversely, the light generated by an LED is incoherent. This means the light emitted by an LED comprises multiple colors, whereas the light beam from a LASER is monochromatic or single-color.

了解 LED 灯

LED 灯的工作原理是当电子与电子空穴合并时释放光子能量。与白炽灯和某些荧光灯相比，这些灯被证明是更有效的能量发射器。

Commercial LED lamps boast an efficiency of 200 lumen per watt (Lm/W), which explains their extended 寿命 compared to fluorescent bulbs. An electronic circuit, crucial for current flow, primarily operates with LED芯片. While LEDs can heat up swiftly, this does not shorten their lifespan. However, it's worth noting that their light output decreases over time.

The microchip, a vital component of LEDs, triggers light visibility. LEDs operate on the principle of electroluminescence, with the current carrying charges that merge at a junction point, emitting photons. The two primary parts of an LED light are the LED Chip and the 驱动器.

破译激光

“激光灯是指激光的窄光束，是一种高效、技术先进的照明工具。”激光是受激辐射光放大的缩写。激光是单色的，产生的平行光束在长距离内不会明显发散。

激光器的结构包括平面镜和曲面镜。曲面镜引导窄光束达到精确的半径并以圆周运动旋转，每次旋转都保持半径的宽度。然而，谐振器圆周运动中的能量损失会降低其光功率。

激光束擅长针对特定点进行辐照，但不会分散到大面积区域。因此，光束的浓度仍然很低。激光的偏振波以不同的频率发生，证明了光束的纵向相干性。

比较 LED 和激光：突出主要对比

The beam dispersion from LED lights is more scattered, spreading out as it travels further from the light source. On the other hand, laser light is characterized by its straight beam that maintains a fixed trajectory without scattering. Furthermore, LEDs produce a wide spectrum of wavelengths, while lasers emit light at a single, specific wavelength.

The light beam produced by LED and LASER also creates a key difference between LED and LASER. The light emitted by LED consists of various colors, while the light beam produced by LASER consists of a single color.

The speed at which LED rays propagate is slower than laser rays, making LEDs less responsive than lasers.

LED 射线对肉眼不会造成威胁，而暴露于激光可能会对眼睛造成永久性损伤。因此，在处理激光时有必要使用特殊的防护眼镜。

The light intensity of LEDs is significantly less than that of lasers, allowing individuals to safely observe an LED bulb with their bare eyes for a short duration without causing irreversible harm. Even brief, direct exposure to a laser source for a few seconds can result in permanent ocular damage.

在电到光的转换效率方面，激光相当优越，可以达到70%，而LED通常只能达到10%到20%。

Due to their lower manufacturing costs and simpler production processes, LEDs are a more economical option than lasers.

The concentration of charge carriers such as electrons and holes also differs in LED and Laser. In the case of the laser, the concentration is very high, while in Led, it is very low. Thus, a Laser is used in the surgical instrument in the medical field as it possesses sufficient energy even to cut the object in contact with it.

LEDs are designed to be energy efficient, consuming much less electricity than lasers. Certain lasers, which can cut or penetrate metallic sheets, require high power, whereas LEDs are optimized for lower electricity usage.

LED 的利用

1. LED的室内应用

LEDs are an eco-friendly alternative to fluorescent bulbs without harmful chemical mercury. In 客厅, they are commonly employed to establish a bright ambiance.

尽管如此，有些人更喜欢柔和的氛围，需要深思熟虑的规划才能适应不同的照明要求。

LEDs illuminate kitchens, broadly lighting the space for various tasks. Specific areas, like 橱柜, might have directed lighting for emphasis, while narrow-beam lights focus on pantry or kitchen island spaces.

对于 卧室, intense lighting is generally eschewed. Instead, soft, dim lights that reduce eye strain are selected, often with cool light shades for a more tranquil feel.

2. LED在车辆中的应用

LED 可以提升汽车的内饰美感，赋予汽车档次感。同样，LED 车头灯因其能够增强车辆的外观和精致度而广受欢迎。

3、户外LED应用

LED bulbs are designed for outdoor usage, with warm-tone LEDs of 2000K-3000K recommended for outdoor environments. They provide sufficient, non-glaring brightness and durability, and the higher 色温 provide a soothing ambiance, outlasting traditional incandescent bulbs.

4. LED 在交通灯中的应用

LEDs' brightness and low power consumption make them ideal for traffic lights. With their durability and 长寿, these lights, consisting of a semiconductor chip and a reflector enclosed within a colored lens, offer great efficacy.

5. 短距离通信中的 LED

Li-Fi 等新兴技术使用光（特别是 LED）进行短距离通信。尽管数据传输速率可能较慢并且更容易受到外部干扰，但光的强度可以控制传输速度。

6. LEDs in Display Screens

LED 是电视、智能手机、平板电脑和电脑显示屏的基础。面板中嵌入的 LED 矩阵在这些屏幕上生成图像。主板调节每个 LED 的颜色，颜色变化的频率由以赫兹为单位测量的刷新率表示。

7. LED 装饰照明

LED 用于节日、活动和商务会议的装饰照明。凭借其广泛的色彩范围和高效率，它们经常被选用于游乐场装饰和礼拜场所。

激光的利用

1. 利用激光进行材料切割

Material cutting can be precisely accomplished by utilizing lasers, a method known as laser cutting. In this process, laser beams from a nozzle achieve high-dimensional accuracy in cutting materials like 铝板 and steel. As an energy-efficient alternative to plasma cutting, laser cutting provides significant benefits.

2. 光学器件及其在光束转向中的作用

光学器件在将光束发散到不同介质方面发挥着至关重要的作用。与激光器相比，它们工作效率高，并且广泛应用于成像应用。它们的使用可以防止激光仪器中的信号失真，确保可靠的性能。

3. Photo biomodulation: Therapeutic Use of Light Beams

Photo biomodulation leverages the wavelengths of light beams, specifically red and near-infrared light, as a form of treatment. This method is known for improving blood circulation and reducing pain. Lasers further contribute to this process by minimizing inflammation and hastening healing.

4. 激光雕刻：表面处理的精度和成本效益

激光雕刻是表面处理和金属板材雕刻领域的重大进步。这种创新方法对铝板或钢板尤其有效，可提供高精度结果，同时将维护成本降至最低。

5. 通过激光光谱解码材料成分

激光光谱是确定材料成分或质量的重要工具。它还有助于确定环境中各种物质的浓度以及微量气体的存在。这项技术对于探索大气中原子和分子的结构至关重要。

6. 激光技术在医学中的应用

激光在医疗领域的应用可能会让许多人感到惊讶。它们可有效用于治疗各种病原体并限制其传播。自 1963 年首次用于心血管手术以来，激光一直在切除恶性细胞方面发挥着重要作用。

7. 激光束焊接：金属板的熔合

激光束焊接采用激光来熔合两块金属板。这种方法经常用于焊接不锈钢、铝或钛板，在汽车工业中尤其重要。

Unique Characteristics of LED and Laser

LED：

能源效率

LED 代表尖端技术，可节省高达 95% 的能源，显着减轻电费压力。它们的发光角度高达 180°，这意味着不会浪费任何光线。

由于浪费的能源更少，因此可以节省更多。

LED 由有助于电子流动和热能产生的半导体材料组成。然而，LED 中的磷化镓和砷化物会激发电子并发射能量。 LED 在产生光、热和电力时不会浪费能源。相反，它们只专注于在所需点产生光。

最少的维护费用

使用 LED 意味着对维护成本的担忧最小。它们对环境的影响可以忽略不计。然而，它们的产热量取决于不同温度下的性能。

据报道，LED 比 CFL 灯泡便宜 12%，比白炽灯泡便宜 74%。因此，与 CFL 和白炽灯泡相比，LED 需要更少的维护。

减少眼睛疲劳

CFL 灯泡含有有害汞，对人类和环境都构成风险。相反，LED 灯不含有毒汞，因此可减轻眼睛疲劳。

Furthermore, LEDs reduce eye fatigue as people tend to favor cooler tones, and they do not emit 紫外线. Yellow light is generally considered the most protective for the retina and creates a contrasting effect with blue light.

安装简单

Installing LEDs is a straightforward process that does not require technical expertise. LED strips, in particular, are simple to install. Fixtures are typically affixed with adhesives or hooks during installation. Furthermore, these fixtures can be reused after removal.

延长寿命

LED 灯泡经济高效，使用寿命长达 100,000 小时。根据每天平均使用 10 小时的情况，LED 可以高效运行。 LED 的任何工作部件都不会随着时间的推移而退化，因此比白炽灯泡和 CFL 耐用 75%。

精确的演色性

LEDs exhibit a high 中国国际广播电台 and emit warmer color tones. Yellow or orange lights are favored for creating a relaxed and soothing atmosphere in areas like bedrooms, while cooler tones are chosen for workspaces.

激光：

1.单色

激光器产生单一或相似波长的光束。因此它们被称为单色。白光是 400 – 700 nm 范围内可见波长的组合。

这些光束不会向任何方向偏离。激光器发出的光源自特定波长的一个原子跃迁，从而产生独特的光谱颜色。

2. 相干

激光束的波长不会发散并遵循特定方向。这些波长在所有相位中都是相同的。这些光线形成的波协调良好并遵循相同的波长。

3.大功率

Lasers emit electrons through energy pumping and are dynamically connected with atoms. These atoms drive the electrons toward a higher quantum energy level. The electrons are consistently charged due to the pumped energy.

激光器中的电子是由电流产生的。多余的能量触发电子将其围绕原子核的轨道从较低的轨道转移到较高的轨道。

4. 偏振

激光始终处于偏振状态。光束始终沿直线方向移动，形成直角。偏振激光通过提高所获得图像的质量来增强技术。此外，当负电子围绕正核旋转时，电场的畸变发生在相反的方向。

5.准直

准直激光束在均匀介质中传播。相反，较低光束的最小发散会导致在隐含距离上的宽分布发生特定变化。

准直激光是平行的，并且在传播时缓慢分散。这些梁或共线梁排列在一条直线上。

6. 所需的安全设备

使用激光进行操作需要特定的防护装备。无论何种应用 - 医疗手术、金属切割或其他工艺 - 佩戴特殊手套以保护手部免受激光伤害至关重要。还需要使用全面罩来保护眼睛、过滤潜在有害的激光射线并防止眼睛损伤。

LED 对比激光比较表

因素

发光二极管

激光

工作原理

电光

受激发射

响应速度

放慢

快速

驱动电流

50mA 至 100mA

5mA 至 40mA

带宽范围

10THz 至 50THz

1MHz到2MHz

电光转换效率

20%

70%

成本

成本低，因此经济

成本高，因此应用受限

结语

在本文结束时，我们看到了 LED 和激光器之间的巨大差异。经过比较，可以得出结论：LED 和激光器具有不同的用途和应用。 LED 主要用于照明，而激光则用于精确、精确的拍摄以及需要将光束发射到完美点的工作。此外，不同颜色的 LED 和激光有不同的影响，这就是为什么它们被用于不同类型的治疗。 LED 更倾向于心理健康，而激光在解剖和治疗人体部位方面更有用。

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